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Immune responsiveness and oral immunization

H F Sewell, P G Gell, M K Basu

    International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Daily feeding of rats with human serum albumin induces systemic immune hyporesponsiveness but not at local secretory sites. This suggests oral absorption of intact protein affects systemic immunity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Oral Biology

    Background:

    • Oral administration of antigens can induce specific immune tolerance.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of oral tolerance is crucial for developing immunotherapies and managing allergies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of daily oral feeding of human serum albumin on the systemic and local immune responses in rats.
    • To determine if oral antigen exposure leads to systemic hyporesponsiveness and to characterize the nature of this response.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were fed 30 mg of human serum albumin daily for 17-20 days.
    • Systemic immune response was assessed via parenteral immunogen challenge.
    • Local secretory immune responses were evaluated by salivary antibody titers and glandular plaque-forming cells.

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  • Antibody levels and classes were analyzed using passive haemagglutination and red-cell-linked antigen-antiglobulin assays.
  • Antigen absorption was quantified using radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination inhibition assays.
  • Oesophagectomised rats were used to study protein absorption sites.

    • Main Results:

    • Daily oral feeding of human serum albumin induced a specific systemic hyporesponsiveness in rats.
    • Local secretory immune sites, including salivary glands, did not exhibit hyporesponsiveness.
    • Intact protein absorption was detected in the circulation after oral feeding, occurring from oral cavity sites.
    • Attempts to transfer this hyporesponsiveness to syngeneic animals via spleen cells or serum were unsuccessful.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral administration of intact proteins can induce systemic immune hyporesponsiveness without affecting local secretory immunity.
    • The findings suggest a mechanism of oral tolerance involving the absorption of intact antigens from the oral cavity.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this systemically induced hyporesponsiveness.