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Apolipoprotein E, synaptic plasticity and Alzheimer's disease

J Poirier1, A Minnich, J Davignon

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Annals of Medicine
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms influence lipid transport in the brain and body. The epsilon 4 variant is linked to Alzheimer's disease risk, prompting research into its central nervous system effects.

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Interaction of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).alpha 2-macroglobulin complex with low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). Evidence for an alpha 2-macroglobulin/LRP receptor-mediated system participating in LCAT clearance.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2001

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is crucial for lipid transport in the plasma and nervous systems.
  • Three common apoE isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, apoE4) exist, determined by genetic alleles.
  • The epsilon 4 allele is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of apoE in central and peripheral nervous system lipid transport.
  • To discuss potential apoE-isoform specific differences in central nervous system function.
  • To examine hypotheses and evidence linking apoE epsilon 4 to Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on apoE function in lipid transport.
  • Examination of studies using entorhinal cortex-lesioned rats to model CNS deafferentation and reinnervation.
  • Analysis of research on apoE isoform-specific effects in the central nervous system.

Main Results:

  • Apolipoprotein E plays a significant role in cholesterol and phospholipid transport in the nervous system.
  • Functional differences between apoE isoforms are well-established for plasma lipoprotein transport.
  • Emerging evidence suggests isoform-specific roles in CNS function, particularly the association of apoE epsilon 4 with Alzheimer's disease risk.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E isoforms have distinct functions in both peripheral and central nervous system lipid transport.
  • The apoE epsilon 4 isoform's association with Alzheimer's disease warrants further investigation into its molecular mechanisms within the CNS.
  • Understanding these isoform-specific CNS functions is critical for neurodegenerative disease research.

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