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Glucose-responsive neurons in the brainstem

A Adachi1, M Kobashi, M Funahashi

  • 1Department of Physiology, Okayama University, School of Dentistry, Japan.

Obesity Research
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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The area postrema, nucleus of solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus contain glucose-responsive neurons that may control feeding behavior and maintain glycemic homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The area postrema (AP), nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) are brainstem regions involved in regulating physiological functions.
  • Glucose-responsive neurons play a critical role in maintaining energy balance and glycemic homeostasis.
  • Understanding the neural circuits controlling feeding behavior and glucose metabolism is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of glucose-responsive neurons in the AP, NTS, and DMV.
  • To determine the role of these neurons in feeding behavior and glycemic homeostasis.
  • To elucidate the neural pathways involved in glucose sensing and metabolic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Ablation studies in rodents to assess the role of the AP in feeding behavior.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification and characterization of glucose-responsive neurons in the AP, NTS, and DMV using electrophysiological techniques.
  • Tracing of neural pathways using antidromic activation to identify neuronal projections.
  • Analysis of afferent connections from the liver to glucose-sensitive neurons in the NTS.

    • Main Results:

    • Ablation of the AP significantly influenced feeding behavior in rodents, indicating its role in ingestion control.
    • Two types of glucose-responsive neurons (glucoreceptor-type and glucose-sensitive type) were identified in the AP, NTS, and DMV.
    • Hepatic glucose-sensitive afferents were confirmed to terminate on glucose-sensitive neurons in the NTS, suggesting a fail-safe mechanism.
    • Glucose-responsive DMV neurons project to the stomach, intestine, or pancreas, potentially subserving enteroceptor functions and contributing to brainstem neural control of glycemic homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • The AP, NTS, and DMV are key brainstem centers involved in the neural control of feeding behavior and glycemic homeostasis.
    • Glucose-responsive neurons within these regions integrate metabolic signals and contribute to the regulation of energy balance.
    • The identified neural circuits and mechanisms provide insights into the complex regulation of glucose metabolism and may offer targets for therapeutic interventions.