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Patch testing with preservatives at St John's from 1982 to 1993

M C Jacobs1, I R White, R J Rycroft

  • 1St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, UK.

Contact Dermatitis
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Patch testing revealed trends in preservative allergies from 1982-1993. While formaldehyde allergy rates remained stable, imidazolidinyl urea allergy increased, and others stabilized after initial rises.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Preservatives are crucial cosmetic ingredients but can cause allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Understanding trends in preservative allergies is vital for consumer safety and product formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze patch test results for eight common cosmetic preservatives over a decade (1982-1993).
  • To identify trends in allergy rates and investigate simultaneous reactions to specific preservatives.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patch test results for eight preservatives: formaldehyde, Bronopol, quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, parabens, Kathon CG, and a component of Euxyl K 400.
  • Analysis of allergy rates, demographic differences (men vs. women), and patterns of co-reactivity.

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Main Results:

  • Formaldehyde allergy rates were stable; imidazolidinyl urea allergy rates showed a slight increase.
  • Quaternium-15 allergy rates decreased, while Kathon CG rates stabilized after an initial rise.
  • Specific co-reactions were noted, such as between quaternium-15 and formaldehyde, and diazolidinyl urea and imidazolidinyl urea, suggesting distinct allergenic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic reactions to imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea appear directed at the parent molecule rather than formaldehyde.
  • Preservative allergies affect both facial and hand skin, with varying rates between genders.
  • Monitoring preservative allergy trends is essential for cosmetic safety and formulation adjustments.