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Developing ethical standards for responsible research: Why? Form? Functions? Process? Outcomes?
1Program on Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
Journal of Dental Research
|February 1, 1996
Summary
Developing ethical standards requires careful consideration of purpose, form, function, and values. A robust development process ensures consensus on professional norms and enhances the utility of ethical guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Professional Ethics
- Sociology of Professions
Background:
- Ethical standards are crucial for professions to define and communicate norms.
- These standards serve as a normative reference for practitioners and clarify professional behavior for members and the public.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the critical considerations for developing professional ethical standards.
- To examine the functions, development processes, and desired outcomes of ethical standards.
- To identify values central to professional mission and performance.
Main Methods:
- The study discusses nine potential functions of ethical standards.
- It assesses the process of developing standards, emphasizing consensus-building.
- It identifies outcomes that enhance the value and utility of ethical standards.
Main Results:
- Ethical standards can be aspirational, educational, or regulatory.
- The development process is key to achieving consensus on professional values.
- Specific outcomes can increase the practical value and effectiveness of ethical standards.
Conclusions:
- Professionals must carefully consider the purpose, form, and function of ethical standards.
- A well-organized development process is essential for establishing shared professional values.
- Focusing on specific outcomes can maximize the utility of ethical guidelines for practitioners.