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Laboratory determinations in Anisakis simplex allergy

M D del Pozo1, I Moneo, L F de Corres

  • 1Servicio de Alergología, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
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Anisakis simplex, a fish nematode, can cause anaphylaxis. This study confirms Anisakis simplex triggers IgE-mediated reactions, suggesting allergy should be suspected in fish-related anaphylaxis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Anaphylactic reactions to Anisakis simplex, a fish nematode, have been documented following consumption of contaminated fish.
  • The specific mechanisms and serological markers underlying this allergy require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm Anisakis simplex's ability to trigger immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions using histamine release tests.
  • To characterize the serological profiles associated with Anisakis simplex sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 12 patients with anaphylaxis post-fish ingestion, positive prick tests, and IgE to Anisakis simplex.
  • Employed indirect IgG ELISA, IgG and IgE immunoblotting, and histamine release tests.
  • Included control groups: other nematode-parasitized subjects, fish allergy patients, and healthy donors.

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Main Results:

  • IgE immunoblotting demonstrated high specificity for detecting Anisakis simplex allergy, identifying reacting bands in 11/12 patients.
  • Specific IgG antibodies were detected but showed lower specificity.
  • Histamine release tests were positive with Anisakis simplex extract but negative with fish extract.

Conclusions:

  • Patients exhibited a specific and robust immune response to Anisakis simplex.
  • Anisakis simplex is confirmed to elicit anaphylactic reactions.
  • Anisakis simplex allergy should be considered in patients with allergic symptoms after fish consumption, with positive prick tests to Anisakis simplex and negative to fish being indicative.