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Renal failure in malaria: a pathophysiologic study

V Sitprija, M Vongsthongsri, V Poshyachinda

    Nephron
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Falciparum malaria causes acute renal failure by reducing renal blood flow. Blood hyperviscosity and hypovolemia also play significant roles in this severe complication.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Hematology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious complication of falciparum malaria.
    • The exact pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying malaria-associated ARF require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute renal failure in falciparum malaria.
    • To identify key factors contributing to renal dysfunction in these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 15 patients with falciparum malaria-induced ARF.
    • Assessed coagulation parameters, plasma hemoglobin, blood viscosity, and blood volume.
    • Utilized 133Xe for renal hemodynamic studies and intravenous pyelography.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • All patients showed increased plasma fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products.
    • Blood viscosity was significantly elevated; plasma hemoglobin was minimal.
    • Renal hemodynamic studies revealed decreased cortical renal blood flow and increased plasma renin activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced renal blood flow is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of ARF in falciparum malaria.
    • Blood hyperviscosity and hypovolemia are emphasized as contributing factors to renal failure.