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Related Experiment Videos

Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin

M K Waldor1, J J Mekalanos

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Shipley Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 28, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cholera toxin genes are carried by a bacteriophage (CTXphi) that uses toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as a receptor. This phage efficiently infects Vibrio cholerae in the gut, highlighting horizontal gene transfer in virulence.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, requiring cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) for virulence.
  • CT is a potent enterotoxin, while TCP are surface organelles essential for intestinal colonization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of CT production in V. cholerae.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of CTXphi bacteriophage infection and its role in virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of the CTXphi bacteriophage genome.
  • Analysis of CTXphi integration and replication mechanisms.
  • In vivo infection studies in a mouse model to assess CTXphi infectivity.

Main Results:

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  • The structural genes for cholera toxin (CT) are encoded by the CTXphi filamentous bacteriophage.
  • CTXphi integrates into the V. cholerae chromosome or replicates as a plasmid.
  • CTXphi utilizes TCP as a receptor, demonstrating enhanced infectivity in the gastrointestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of toxigenic V. cholerae is linked to horizontal gene transfer mediated by CTXphi.
  • In vivo conditions within the host gastrointestinal tract may favor CTXphi-mediated gene transfer and virulence.
  • Understanding CTXphi's lifecycle is crucial for developing strategies against cholera.