Alcohol effects on paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus morphometry

The morphometric effects of postnatal exposure to alcohol on the neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) have been studied in four different topographic subdivisions of the nucleus: rostral, intermediate medial, intermediate lateral and caudal. Male mice were exposed to alcohol during lactation and after weaning by addition of 20% of ethanol to the drinking water that was first ingested by the mother and thereafter by the experimental animals themselves. Animals were sacrificed at the 25th, 35th, 45th, 55th and 100th postnatal day. Nuclear sizes of the PVN neurons (Perimeter, area and maximum diameter) were determined in both control and experimental alcohol-treated groups. The shape of these neuronal nuclei was also determined and compared. PVN responds globally to alcohol exposure, showing a decrease in the neuronal nuclear sizes in the four studied PVN subdivisions of the alcohol-treated mice at the 35th and 45th and 100th day. We suggest that these decreases could be related to changes in gonadal hormone levels induced by alcohol exposure and/or disturbances of brain neurotransmitter and neuropeptide metabolism caused by ethanol.