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Related Experiment Videos

Maxillary and cranial base changes during treatment with functional appliances

M Courtney1, M Harkness, P Herbison

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, USA.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study compared the Harvold activator and Fränkel function regulator for Class II malocclusions. Both appliances reduced overjet by retracting incisors, affecting maxillary arch length but not molar position or overall maxillary position.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Craniofacial Development
  • Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

  • Class II, Division 1 malocclusion is a common orthodontic concern in children.
  • Orthodontic appliances aim to correct skeletal and dental discrepancies.
  • Understanding treatment effects on craniofacial structures is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare maxillary and cranial base changes using the Harvold activator versus the Fränkel function regulator.
  • To evaluate the treatment effects of two functional appliances on Class II malocclusions.
  • To investigate the impact of these appliances on incisor, molar, and maxillary positions.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study design with 42 children (10-13 years old) diagnosed with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion.

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  • Random assignment into three groups: control, Harvold activator, and Fränkel function regulator.
  • Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at baseline and after 18 months of treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Both appliances effectively reduced overjet by palatal tipping of maxillary incisors.
    • Maxillary arch length was reduced as a consequence of incisor retraction.
    • No significant effects were observed on the horizontal or vertical position of maxillary molars or the overall position of the maxilla.
    • Minor, statistically significant changes in the cranial base angle were noted in the Fränkel group, potentially due to sample size limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • The Harvold activator and Fränkel function regulator are effective in reducing overjet through incisor retraction in Class II malocclusions.
    • These appliances do not significantly alter maxillary molar position or the anteroposterior/vertical position of the maxilla.
    • Potential minor effects on the cranial base angle warrant further investigation with larger sample sizes.