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Dissociation in aging Holocaust survivors

R Yehuda1, A Elkin, K Binder-Brynes

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Dissociative experiences were higher in elderly Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but less so than in other trauma survivors. Findings suggest PTSD and dissociation may not be the same phenomenon.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Trauma Studies
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Investigating the complex interplay between trauma, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is crucial for understanding long-term psychological sequelae.
  • Elderly populations, particularly survivors of profound historical trauma like the Holocaust, offer unique insights into the enduring impact of extreme stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationships among dissociation, trauma, and PTSD in elderly Holocaust survivors.
  • To compare dissociation levels in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD against a non-traumatized control group.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Dissociative Experiences Scale, Antonovsky Life Crises Scale, and Elderly Care Research Center Recent Life Events Scale.
  • Assessed PTSD symptoms using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale in Holocaust survivors (N=60) and a comparison group (N=16).

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Main Results:

  • Holocaust survivors with PTSD exhibited significantly higher current dissociative experiences compared to other groups.
  • Dissociation levels in this cohort were notably lower than those typically observed in other PTSD trauma survivors.
  • Dissociative Experiences Scale scores correlated significantly with PTSD symptom severity, but not with trauma exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that PTSD and dissociative experiences may not be interchangeable phenomena, potentially due to survivor age, time since trauma, or unique Holocaust survivor characteristics.
  • Further longitudinal research on trauma survivors is recommended to elucidate the nuanced relationships between dissociation, trauma, and PTSD.