Cognitive set influences on Witkin's Rod-and-Frame Test

Witkin's field-dependence theory is embroiled in conflict as research shows its primary assessment method, the Rod-and-frame Test, is influenced by situational events. This study explored the impact of an additional situational variable, locus of problem-solving data search, a cognitive set modified from Rotter's (1966) work. Two experimental groups of hospitalized alcoholics received standard Witkin instructions plus instructions emphasizing either an internal or external search for problem-solving cues. A control group received only Witkin's instructions. Aanlysis of variance showed the special instructions affected rod-and-frame scores in the predicted directions. The results were interpreted as indicating a need for a multi-factor approach to analyzing the complex relationships of the Rod-and-frame Test.