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Conformation of viroids

K Henco, D Riesner, H L Sanger

    Nucleic Acids Research
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Viroids, infectious RNA pathogens, exhibit high thermal stability and cooperativity due to extensive base pairing. Studies reveal a stable double helix structure, suggesting a unique RNA conformation for plant pathogens.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant pathology
    • Molecular biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Viroids are small, circular, non-coding RNA molecules that are plant pathogens.
    • Their molecular structure and stability are key to their infectivity.
    • Understanding viroid structure provides insights into RNA-protein interactions and pathogenesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of purified viroid RNA.
    • To elucidate the secondary structure and base-pairing characteristics of viroids.
    • To correlate physicochemical properties with viroid function and infectivity.

    Main Methods:

    • UV-absorption melting analysis for thermal denaturation studies.
    • Temperature jump relaxation spectrometry to analyze kinetic processes.

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  • High-purity viroid preparations were used for all experiments.

    • Main Results:

    • Viroid thermal denaturation showed high stability, cooperativity, and significant base pairing.
    • Two distinct relaxation processes were identified: one in the second (sec) range and another in the millisecond (msec) range.
    • The sec range process indicated an uninterrupted double helix of 52 base pairs with high G:C content (72%).
    • The msec range process involved 15-25 base pairs, likely in multiple short helical stretches.

    Conclusions:

    • Viroids possess a highly structured secondary conformation with significant double-helical regions.
    • The observed thermal stability and structural features are crucial for viroid pathogenesis.
    • A model for viroid secondary structure is proposed, linking physicochemical properties to biological function.