Red blood cell polyamines, anaemia and tumour growth in the rat

In rats with Mat Lylu prostatic carcinoma, significant changes in blood composition and red blood cell (RBC) characteristics were observed. Anaemia, characterised by a decrease in the number of RBC and the reduction of haemoglobin and the iron content in plasma, was correlated with tumour size and the accumulation of spermidine and spermine in the RBC. In large tumours, spermidine levels were increased by 8-fold over normal value. Spleen weight and splenic spermidine concentrations were enhanced in animals with tumours. After splenectomy, the rate of tumour growth decreased by 30%. It is proposed that anaemia in tumour-bearing animals is caused by enhanced RBC lysis, owing to the alteration of the rheological properties of RBC. These may be caused by the alterated surface characteristics due to polyamine accumulation. RBC lysis and high concentrations of polyamines in RBC and spleen appear, not only to favour tumour growth, but also to compromise the immunological defence mechanisms against neoplastic invasion.