Verruciform xanthoma. Case report and literature review

Verruciform xanthoma is a relatively uncommon lesion. Half of the reported cases occurred in the gingiva or alveolar ridge. In most cases, the clinical impressions are papilloma or verrucous carcinoma, which demonstrates the importance of the clinical and pathological recognition of this lesion. The cause of pathogenesis is still unknown since the first report in 1971. There are some cases reported in conjunction with leukoplakia, carcinoma in situ, pemphigus, and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which merits close evaluation of this disease. This article reports two cases of verruciform xanthoma and reviews the evidence of its pathogenesis from the available literature.