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Development and mental representation of stereotypes

J W Sherman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2710, USA. sherm@nwu.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
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Stereotypes initially form from specific examples but evolve into abstract concepts with more experience. This abstract knowledge is stored separately, influencing how we perceive groups.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Stereotypes are cognitive generalizations about social groups.
  • Understanding stereotype representation is key to social perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a mixed model of stereotype representation.
  • To investigate how stereotypes develop and are stored in memory.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Examined stereotype development for novel groups with varying experience levels.
  • Experiment 2: Investigated the memory representation of stereotypes for well-known groups.

Main Results:

  • Low experience leads to exemplar-based stereotype knowledge.
  • Increased experience forms abstract group stereotypes, independent of exemplars.

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  • Preexisting stereotypes are stored as abstract memory structures.

    • Conclusions:

    • Stereotypical knowledge is exemplar-based when abstract stereotypes are absent.
    • Abstract representations facilitate stereotype storage and retrieval.
    • Findings inform theories of stereotyping and social perception.