Hemoptysis. Three questions that can direct management

Hemoptysis can be a life threatening condition on its own. It can also be a marker of serious disease or a recurrent problem accompanying lung cancer, bronchiectasis, or tuberculosis. A three-step approach is of fundamental importance: First, ensure that the lower respiratory tract is the source of bleeding. Second, identify cases representing serious risk. Third, consider both pulmonary and systemic circulation as possible sources of bleeding. In most cases, a non-specific, conservative approach is successful in managing hemoptysis, but occasionally, surgical resection or embolization of the bleeding vessel is required.