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Related Experiment Videos

Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation: a meta-analysis

B A Bettencourt1, N Miller

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. psyannb@mizzou 1.missouri.edu

Psychological Bulletin
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Provocation significantly reduces gender differences in aggression, with men being more aggressive only when unprovoked. This finding supports social role theories of aggression.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Aggression Research

Background:

  • Gender differences in aggression are well-documented.
  • Previous research suggests provocation may influence these differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically assess how provocation moderates gender differences in aggression.
  • To investigate mediating factors in the relationship between provocation and aggression.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of experimental studies on aggression.
  • Examination of gender differences in aggression under provoked and unprovoked conditions.

Main Results:

  • Unprovoked men exhibit higher aggression than women.
  • Provocation substantially attenuates gender differences in aggression.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Appraisals of provocation intensity and fear of retaliation partially mediate this effect.

    • Conclusions:

    • Provocation plays a key role in moderating gender differences in aggression.
    • Findings support social role theories over alternative explanations.
    • Contradicts previous meta-analytic findings regarding provocation's effect.