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Prolonged regional nerve blockade. Injectable biodegradable bupivacaine/polyester microspheres

J Curley1, J Castillo, J Hotz

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Anesthesiology
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Injectable bupivacaine-polymer microspheres offer prolonged sciatic nerve blockade in rats, lasting up to 5.5 days. Dexamethasone significantly extends this effect, enabling extended regional anesthesia without systemic toxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Nanotechnology in Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Biodegradable microspheres offer injectable, non-surgical drug delivery.
  • Previous research focused on polymer pellets for prolonged anesthesia.
  • This study investigates injectable bupivacaine microspheres for peripheral nerve blockade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize injectable bupivacaine-polymer microspheres.
  • To evaluate their efficacy in producing prolonged sciatic nerve blockade in rats.
  • To assess the impact of additives like dexamethasone on blockade duration.

Main Methods:

  • Microspheres prepared using polylactic-co-glycolic acid and 75% w/w bupivacaine via solvent evaporation.
  • In vitro analysis of bupivacaine release using ultraviolet spectroscopy and scintillation counting.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vivo assessment of sensory and motor blockade in rat sciatic nerves post-injection.

    • Main Results:

    • Sciatic nerve block duration varied from 10 hours to 5.5 days, dependent on microsphere type, dose, and additives.
    • Incorporating 0.05% w/w dexamethasone extended blockade up to 13-fold, with blocks exceeding 1 day only in its presence.
    • In vitro studies confirmed controlled bupivacaine release, with dexamethasone not significantly altering release rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Percutaneous peripheral nerve blockade can be prolonged effectively using these microspheres.
    • Complete recovery from blockade was observed, with plasma bupivacaine levels below toxic thresholds.
    • Further research is ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms of dexamethasone's block-prolonging effect.