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Renal function in acute falciparum malaria

A Sowunmi1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Falciparum malaria in children can cause acute kidney injury, even in uncomplicated cases. Renal function impairment, including reduced creatinine clearance and tubular dysfunction, was observed during acute illness and improved after recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Malariology

Background:

  • Falciparum malaria is a significant global health concern, particularly in children.
  • Renal complications are known but often associated with severe malaria.
  • The impact on renal function in uncomplicated falciparum malaria requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess renal function in children during acute falciparum malaria and after recovery.
  • To identify specific patterns of renal impairment and dysfunction.
  • To correlate renal function parameters with disease severity markers.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 40 children with falciparum malaria.
  • Assessment of renal function parameters including creatinine clearance, fractional sodium excretion (FeNa), and fractional potassium excretion (FeK).
  • Evaluation of hyponatremia, proteinuria, and tubular dysfunction during acute illness and post-recovery.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower creatinine clearance during acute illness compared to recovery.
  • Evidence of acute tubular dysfunction in children with impaired creatinine clearance.
  • Hyponatremia (12.5%) and increased FeNa (27%) during acute phase; persistent sodium wastage in 17% post-recovery.
  • Elevated plasma potassium and lower FeK during acute illness.
  • Mild proteinuria in 40% during acute illness, resolving upon recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Acute intrinsic renal impairment occurs in children with apparently uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
  • Renal function deficits, including tubular dysfunction and electrolyte imbalances, are common.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring renal function in pediatric malaria cases.

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