The strength of auto-cured and light-cured materials. The shear punch test

This paper examines the versatility of the shear punch test as described by Roydhouse and suggests that it should be considered as an alternative to the present standard compressive strength test for glass ionomer cements and flexural strength for composite resins. The shear punch test can be used for examining small thin specimens, about 1.0 mm thick and 8.0 mm in diameter, of both auto-cured and light-cured restorative materials such as composite resins and glass ionomer cements. The preparation of the specimen is simple and does not require a precision mould or subsequent machining to size except that, after curing, it may need to be abraded gently to obtain flat parallel test surfaces. The test apparatus consists of a punch approximately 3.0 mm in diameter opposing a true fitting matching die. The specimen is supported over the die section and the punch is advanced through it in a compression cage. The formula used to calculate the shear strength allows for variation in specimen thickness and thus provides comparative data between materials. It also allows examination of the effects of variations in manipulation, maturation and storage of each material. It is suggested this test should be considered as an alternative to the present compression and flexural strength tests because it would provide a single strength test for a range of restorative materials being manipulated under a variety of circumstances. It is of particular significance for testing the light-cured materials because it examines a specimen size below that of the diameter of the exit window of a normal clinical light curing unit and also at a thickness where depth of cure of the material is not a problem.