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Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
J L Górriz1, A Miguel, R García-Ramón
1Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Dr. Peset, Avda. Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46107 Valencia, Spain.
Insights
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is lower than other renal replacement therapies. Key risk factors for Anti-HCV in CAPD patients include prior hepatitis and blood transfusions.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hepatology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Limited studies exist on hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.
- Risk factors for Anti-HCV in CAPD patients remain controversial.
- This study aims to clarify the incidence and risk factors of Anti-HCV in CAPD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of Anti-HCV in CAPD patients.
- To identify independent risk factors associated with Anti-HCV positivity in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 255 CAPD patients from five treatment centers was analyzed.
- Anti-HCV testing utilized 2nd-generation ELISA, with RIBA-4 or INNOLIA as supplementary tests.
- Logistic regression models were employed for multivariate analysis of risk factors.
Main Results:
- Overall, 11.4% of CAPD patients tested positive for Anti-HCV.
- Independent risk factors identified included prior hepatitis (OR:44.9), Anti HBc positivity (OR:9.24), and blood transfusions (OR:1.05).
- After excluding patients with prior hemodialysis, Anti-HCV positivity correlated strongly with prior hepatitis (OR:126) and Anti HBc positivity (OR:41.9).
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of HCV infection in CAPD patients is lower compared to other renal replacement therapies.
- Identified risk factors primarily relate to events predating CAPD initiation.
- CAPD may be considered a low-risk modality for HCV transmission.
Background:
Studies on hepatitis C virus antibodies (Anti-HCV) in CAPD patients are scarce and include a small number of patients. Nevertheless, risk factors related to Anti-HCV in these patients are still subject to controversy. Purpose of the study. To analyse the incidence and risk factors associated with the presence of Anti-HCV in CAPD patients.
Methods:
We studied 255 patients from five different treatment centres of our region. The analysis was repeated after excluding 161 patients who had previously received haemodialysis treatment at least once. Anti-HCV testing was made by the 2nd-generation ELISA: As a supplementary test we used RIBA-4 in three centers and INNOLIA in the other two. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression model for multivariate analysis.
Results:
In the whole group, 29 patients (11.4%) were anti-HCV positive. Logistic regression analysis determined the following variables as independent risk factors: hepatitis previous to CAPD (P<0.001, odds ratio (OR):44.9), Anti HBc positivity (P=0.019, OR:9. 24), blood transfusions previous to CAPD (P=0.015, OR:1.05) and CAPD duration were excluded, the prevalence of HCV antibodies was 8.5% (8/94). In this group multivariate analysis showed that Anti-HCV positivity correlated with hepatitis previous to CAPD (P<0.0003, OR: 126) and Anti HBc positivity (P=0.002, OR:41.9).
Conclusions:
Our prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in CAPD patients was lower than other renal replacement therapy modalities, and correlated to events occurring mainly before starting CAPD treatment. This technique could be considered as low risk for HCV infection.