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An apparatus for spine biomechanical testing

J J Stone¹, B L Currier, K N An

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, USA.

Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation

|January 1, 1996

Summary

This study introduces a simple, cost-effective apparatus for applying pure bending moments to spinal constructs. The system reliably identifies the weakest point in spinal implants during testing.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanical Engineering
Spinal Implant Testing
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate testing of spinal constructs requires a reliable method for applying pure bending moments.
Existing methods may be complex, expensive, or fail to uniformly load the entire spine.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and validate a novel, simple, and inexpensive apparatus for generating a pure bending moment in spinal constructs.
To assess the uniformity of moment distribution along a spinal construct under pure bending.

Main Methods:

Developed a testing system utilizing a material testing machine to apply a pure bending moment.
Employed strain gauges on an aluminum alloy beam to measure strain distribution.
Validated the strain gauge system against theoretical predictions using a cantilever beam model.
Compared moment and strain distribution with the beam fixed at one end versus attached to an X-Y table.

Main Results:

Strain gauge measurements confirmed that moment is not uniformly distributed along a beam fixed at one end.
Attaching the beam to an X-Y table, instead of fixing it, resulted in a pure bending moment.
The developed apparatus reliably created a pure bending moment along the entire spine.

Conclusions:

The novel apparatus effectively generates a pure bending moment, crucial for uniform loading of spinal constructs.
Fixing the beam end to an X-Y table is essential for achieving a pure bending moment status.
This system offers a reliable and accessible method for evaluating spinal implant integrity and identifying failure points.

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