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Prostate cancer: current and evolving strategies

R J Cersosimo1, D Carr

  • 1Bouvé College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|February 15, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Prostate cancer screening and treatment options are reviewed, including staging, diagnosis via PSA tests, and therapies like surgery, radiation, and hormonal treatments. Despite ongoing debate on screening effectiveness, annual checks are recommended for men over 50.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer affects approximately 40,000 men annually in the U.S.
  • Symptoms range from urinary issues to advanced metastatic disease.
  • The American Urological System stages prostate cancer from A to D, graded by the Gleason scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the staging, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer.
  • To review current diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions.
  • To highlight the ongoing debate regarding the value of screening and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Screening and diagnostic methods include digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, biopsy, and transrectal ultrasonography.
  • Staging utilizes the American Urological System (A-D) and Gleason grading.

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  • Treatment options encompass prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and bilateral orchiectomy.

    • Main Results:

    • Treatment choice depends on disease stage, patient age, physical condition, and prior response to therapy.
    • Survival rates are high for Stages A/B but lower for Stages C/D.
    • Hormonal therapies, including LHRH agonists, show efficacy with varying toxicity profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • The efficacy of prostate cancer screening and treatment remains debated due to slow tumor growth and lack of conclusive survival data.
    • Annual screening is recommended for men over 50 by many experts.
    • Research continues to seek more effective treatments for advanced prostate cancer.