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Patient suffering: a taxonomy from the nurse's perspective

D Flaming1

  • 1School of Nursing, Medicine Hat College, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Nurses developed a taxonomy of patient suffering using an ethnoscientific method. This identified four domains and 24 types of suffering, offering insights into patient experiences and care needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Qualitative Research
  • Medical Sociology

Background:

  • Understanding patient suffering is crucial for effective nursing care.
  • Existing frameworks may not fully capture the complexity of patient experiences of suffering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a taxonomy of patient suffering using the ethnoscientific method.
  • To identify and categorize the different types of suffering experienced by patients.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the ethnoscientific method.
  • Collected data through nurses' descriptions of patient suffering.
  • Analyzed descriptions to identify themes and develop a taxonomy.

Main Results:

  • Developed a taxonomy of patient suffering.
  • Identified four major domains: 'to bear it', 'to stay in control', 'to protect', and 'to strengthen'.
  • Identified 24 specific types of suffering, including peaceful, meaningful, self-absorbed, silent, stoic, flaunted, martyr-like, 'in limbo', and hopeless.

Conclusions:

  • Patient suffering is multifaceted and requires individualized nursing care.
  • Nurses should consider the energy patients expend in suffering and respect their need for personal space.
  • Recognize that some patients may not desire suffering alleviation and that behaviors may have hidden reasons.

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