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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples
07:16

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples

Published on: March 15, 2014

Prostate cancer: emerging concepts. Part I

M B Garnick1, W R Fair

  • 1Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|July 15, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) interpretation and prostate cancer management are reviewed. Early detection improves outcomes, but optimal therapy for early prostate cancer requires further research and longer patient follow-up.

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Establishment and Maintenance of Patient-derived Prostate Cancer Organoids: A Detailed Experimental Protocol
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Establishment and Maintenance of Patient-derived Prostate Cancer Organoids: A Detailed Experimental Protocol

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer detection and treatment have evolved significantly since 1993.
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has become a cornerstone in early prostate cancer detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical advancements in prostate cancer since 1993.
  • To discuss updates in PSA interpretation, management of organ-confined disease, and prostatectomy specimen pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized studies (1992-1996) via MEDLINE.
  • Inclusion of data from major conferences and symposia.
  • Analysis of large, single-institution studies and consortium findings.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in interpreting PSA (density, velocity, ratios, age-specific ranges).
  • Nearly 50% of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer extends beyond the capsule.
  • Progression-free survival at 10 years is 70% for organ-confined vs. 39% for non-confined disease.

Conclusions:

  • Despite increased detection and treatment, optimal therapy for early prostate cancer remains unclear.
  • Longer follow-up studies are crucial for defining treatment outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the rising incidence and develop prevention strategies.