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Neural elements in dental pulp and dentin

P N Nair1

  • 1Institute of Oral Structural Biology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Human teeth have approximately 2300 nerve axons, primarily nonmyelinated C-fibers, which transmit pain signals. These sensory axons also play a role in maintaining and repairing the tooth's pulp and dentin.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dentistry
  • Histology

Background:

  • Human tooth innervation is complex, involving both structural and quantitative aspects.
  • Understanding tooth axons is crucial for explaining dentin sensitivity and clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural and quantitative characteristics of human tooth innervation.
  • To discuss the functions and clinical significance of tooth axons.
  • To explore theories of dentin sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of quantitative studies on tooth innervation.
  • Classification of peripheral axons, pulpal and dentinal innervation.
  • Discussion of dentin sensitivity theories.

Main Results:

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  • Human premolars have ~2300 axons at the root apex (13% myelinated, 87% nonmyelinated).
  • Myelinated A delta-fibers (fast-conducting) are linked to sharp, localized pain via hydrodynamic mechanisms.
  • Nonmyelinated C-fibers (slow-conducting) are associated with dull, poorly localized pain.

Conclusions:

  • Intradental sensory axons provide nociceptive signaling.
  • These axons may also regulate the maintenance and repair of the pulpodentinal complex.