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Sphingoid bases and phospholipase D activation

S Spiegel1, S Milstien

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
|May 24, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Sphingolipids like sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) promote cell growth, while ceramide induces cell death. Their pathways interact with the diacylglycerol cycle, regulating cell proliferation.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Lipid Signaling

Background:

  • Sphingolipids, including ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), are recognized as critical lipid second messengers.
  • There is growing interest in their physiological functions and mechanisms of action, particularly in cellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the role of sphingolipid metabolites in growth factor actions.
  • To focus on the second messenger roles of sphingosine and SPP in regulating cell growth.
  • To explore potential interactions between sphingolipid metabolism and the glycerophospholipid cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on sphingolipid metabolism and cell growth regulation.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving sphingolipids, growth factors, and the glycerophospholipid cycle.

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Main Results:

  • Sphingosine and SPP generally exert positive mitogenic signals, promoting cell growth.
  • Ceramide has been shown to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in mammalian cell lines.
  • Sphingosine and SPP stimulate phospholipase D, increasing cell growth-promoting phosphatidic acid, while ceramide inhibits it.

Conclusions:

  • Sphingolipid metabolism significantly influences cell growth and proliferation.
  • Interactions between sphingolipid pathways and the diacylglycerol cycle add complexity to cellular signaling, offering additional regulatory points.
  • Understanding sphingolipid cross-talk is crucial for deciphering complex signaling pathways.