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Grip posture and forces during holding cylindrical objects with circular grips

H Kinoshita1, T Murase, T Bandou

  • 1University of Osaka, Japan.

Ergonomics
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Grip force and finger positioning during object manipulation are influenced by weight and diameter, with the thumb providing the largest force contribution. Finger positioning remains stable across various weights and diameters, except for larger objects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding how humans grip objects is crucial for designing interfaces and assistive devices.
  • Previous research has explored grip force modulation but less is known about individual finger contributions and positioning variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of object weight, diameter, and number of fingers on individual finger positioning and grip forces during circular precision grips.
  • To determine gender-based differences in grip mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy male and female participants performed precision grips on cylindrical objects of varying weights (0.5-2.0 kg) and diameters (5.0-10.0 cm).
  • Finger positions and external grip forces were recorded for 5-, 4-, 3-, and 2-finger grip modes.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to assess the influence of weight, diameter, gender, hand dimensions, and strength on grip variables.

    • Main Results:

    • Individual finger positions remained largely consistent across weights and diameters (5.0-7.5 cm), with notable shifts at 10.0 cm diameter.
    • Total grip force increased with object weight and deviations from a 7.5 cm diameter, and decreased with more fingers used.
    • The thumb consistently provided the largest force contribution (>38%), followed by the ring/little fingers (18-23%), and the index finger (<=11%).
    • No significant gender differences were observed in finger positioning or grip forces.

    Conclusions:

    • Object weight and diameter significantly influence grip force, while finger positioning shows relative stability except for larger diameters.
    • The thumb plays a dominant role in grip force exertion, with other fingers contributing differentially based on object properties.
    • Grip mechanics are largely independent of gender, hand dimensions, and strength in healthy adults.