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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
13:42

Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes

Published on: March 8, 2013

Immunohistochemistry in dilated cardiomyopathy

U Kühl1, M Noutsias, H P Schultheiss

  • 1Benjamin Franklin Department of Cardiology, University of Berlin. Germany.

European Heart Journal
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Immunohistology reveals active immune processes in suspected dilated cardiomyopathy cases. This finding suggests ongoing myocarditis, crucial for understanding heart failure progression.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy's cause is unknown; viral myocarditis is a suspected precursor.
  • Chronic myocarditis diagnosis is challenging with light microscopy and the Dallas classification.
  • Immunohistochemistry offers superior detection of myocardial inflammation compared to standard histology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of active inflammation in patients with suspected dilated cardiomyopathy using immunohistology.
  • To compare immunohistological findings with traditional histological diagnoses.
  • To explore the role of immune cell infiltration and activation in disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies from 176 patients with suspected dilated cardiomyopathy.

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Simultaneous 3D Analysis of Cardiac Damage and Immune Response in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
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Simultaneous 3D Analysis of Cardiac Damage and Immune Response in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
13:42

Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes

Published on: March 8, 2013

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
05:14

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

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Simultaneous 3D Analysis of Cardiac Damage and Immune Response in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
06:38

Simultaneous 3D Analysis of Cardiac Damage and Immune Response in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 26, 2025

  • Comparison of standard histology with immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, macrophages) and markers of endothelial activation (adhesion molecules).
  • Assessment of cytokine expression in inflamed cardiac tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • Standard histology identified borderline myocarditis in only 8% of patients.
    • Immunohistology revealed significant lymphocytic infiltration in 38% of biopsies.
    • Activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and vascular endothelium were prevalent in inflamed tissues, with local cytokine release observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunohistology significantly increases the detection rate of active myocarditis in suspected dilated cardiomyopathy.
    • Evidence suggests an ongoing immune process, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and activation, contributes to disease progression.
    • These findings highlight the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques for identifying and potentially treating inflammatory heart conditions.