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Smoking and periodontal disease severity
P Martinez-Canut1, A Lorca, R Magán
1Division of Periodontology, Clínica Odontológica, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Valencia, Spain.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|October 1, 1995
Summary
Smoking significantly worsens periodontal disease severity, increasing probing attachment level (PAL) and other measures. This effect becomes clinically apparent with higher cigarette consumption, comparable to the impact of aging.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Public Health
- Oral Health
Background:
- Periodontal disease is a common oral condition.
- Smoking is a known risk factor for various diseases.
- The specific impact of smoking on periodontal disease severity requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the influence of smoking on periodontal disease severity.
- To evaluate the relationship between tobacco consumption and periodontal parameters.
- To determine if age and sex modify the effect of smoking on periodontal health.
Main Methods:
- Data from 889 periodontal patients (smokers and non-smokers) were analyzed.
- Periodontal parameters including gingival recession (GR), pocket depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL), and mobility (M) were recorded.
- Statistical analysis included ANOVA with covariates, non-linear effect models, and chi2-tests.
Main Results:
- Smoking was statistically significant for all periodontal parameters (GR, PD, PAL, M).
- Increased cigarette consumption correlated with higher probing attachment level (PAL).
- The impact of smoking on PAL was comparable to the effect of aging.
Conclusions:
- Tobacco use significantly increases periodontal disease severity.
- Clinically significant periodontal damage is evident above a certain threshold of tobacco consumption.
- Smoking cessation is crucial for mitigating periodontal disease progression.