Surgical diseases of the adrenal gland

Abnormal levels of adrenal hormones, or their metabolities, in the urine or blood are found in most patients with surgical diseases of the adrenal gland, including neoplastic and some hyperplastic states. Neuroblastomas and nonfunctioning adrenocortical tumors often present as abdominal masses. Surgery is required for the majority of these disorders, particularly for the malignant tumors.