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Trait factors, state effects, and hypnotizability

V K Kumar1, R J Pekala, J Cummings

  • 1Department of Psychology, West Chester University, PA 19383, USA.

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Hypnotizability is linked to specific personality traits and conscious experiences. Factors like absorption-permissiveness and attention to internal processes significantly predict hypnotic susceptibility, with state factors being more influential than trait factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hypnotizability, the capacity to experience hypnosis, is influenced by a complex interplay of individual differences.
  • Understanding the psychological correlates of hypnotizability is crucial for both theoretical and applied contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between specific personality traits and phenomenological states with hypnotic susceptibility.
  • To identify which trait and state factors are most predictive of performance on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized factor analysis to identify underlying trait and state factors from 15 trait variables and 21 phenomenological variables.
  • Correlated identified factors with scores on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.

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Main Results:

  • Factor analysis revealed three trait factors (absorption-permissiveness, sensation seeking, social desirability) and five state factors (dissociated control, positive affect, negative affect, attention to internal processes, visual imagery).
  • Absorption-permissiveness, dissociated control, positive affect, and attention to internal processes were significantly correlated with hypnotizability.
  • State factors explained approximately 22% of the variance in hypnotizability, while trait factors explained about 9%.

Conclusions:

  • Phenomenological state factors, particularly attention to internal processes and a dissociated control state, are stronger predictors of hypnotizability than personality traits.
  • The findings highlight the dynamic nature of conscious experience in modulating hypnotic susceptibility.