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Racial differences in the relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status

E G Stockwell¹, F W Goza

¹Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio, USA.

Journal of Biosocial Science

|January 1, 1996

Summary

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Infant mortality in Ohio shows racial disparities. While lower income is linked to higher infant death rates for white populations, this association is not observed for non-white populations across various income levels.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Sociology
Epidemiology

Background:

Infant mortality rates (IMR) vary significantly by socioeconomic status and race.
Understanding these disparities is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the ecological relationship between infant mortality and economic status across racial groups in metropolitan Ohio.
To examine trends in infant mortality by race and income from 1960 to 1990.

Main Methods:

Ecological analysis using U.S. Census data on mother's residence and area-level economic status (percentage of low-income families).
Comparison of white and non-white infant mortality rates across four decades (1960, 1970, 1980, 1990).
Detailed examination of period- and cause-specific infant mortality rates for 1990.

Keywords:

Americas Blacks Cultural Background Demographic Factors Developed Countries Differential Mortality Economic Factors Ethnic Groups Income Infant Mortality Low Income Population Mortality North America Northern America Population Population Characteristics Population Dynamics Social Class Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic Status United States Whites

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Main Results:

A significant inverse association between income status and infant mortality was observed for white populations.
No discernible socioeconomic differential in neonatal mortality, total infant deaths, or cause-specific death rates was found for non-white populations.
Non-white post-neonatal death rates were higher in the lowest income areas.

Conclusions:

Low-income white individuals and non-white individuals across all income levels experience higher infant mortality rates than the general population.
The findings highlight the complex interplay of race and socioeconomic status in shaping infant mortality outcomes.
Policy interventions should address both socioeconomic factors and racial disparities to reduce infant mortality.