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[Congenital leukemia--personal experience]

N Konstantinidis1, G Konstantinidis, A Ristivojević

  • 1Centar za hemato-onkologiju, Institut za zdravstvenu zastitu dece i omladine, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad.

Medicinski Pregled
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Congenital leukemia, a rare newborn condition, presents with nonspecific symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report details two newborns with acute leukemia, one achieving remission and the other experiencing relapse.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Neonatal Oncology
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital leukemia is an extremely rare malignancy in newborns, with over 100 documented cases.
  • Early diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms mimicking common neonatal illnesses.

Observation:

  • This case report presents two newborns diagnosed with congenital leukemia.
  • The first case involved acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, and the second involved acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • Both infants exhibited nonspecific signs such as failure to gain weight and hemorrhagic enterocolitis.

Findings:

  • Both neonates received polyhemotherapeutic protocols.
  • The first patient achieved only partial remission and succumbed to a hematologic relapse.
  • The second patient remains in complete remission 15 months post-diagnosis.

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Implications:

  • Congenital leukemia requires a high index of suspicion due to its subtle and nonspecific presentation in neonates.
  • Treatment outcomes for congenital leukemia vary significantly, highlighting the need for further research into optimal therapeutic strategies.
  • This report underscores the potential for remission in congenital leukemia, even in the neonatal period.