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Trends in admission and case fatality for acute malnutrition (Kingston 1982-1991)
1Department of Child Health, U.W.I.
Insights
This study compared protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) case fatality ratios (CFRs) in Kingston hospitals. Findings suggest expert inpatient management plays a minor role in reducing PEM deaths, with economic factors influencing mortality rates.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- Acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) remains a significant health concern.
- Tertiary care facilities manage severe cases, but outcomes vary.
- Understanding factors influencing case fatality is crucial for improving care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the case fatality ratio (CFR) of acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) at the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit (TMRU) with other Kingston tertiary care facilities.
- To examine trends in admission and fatality rates, case severity, and complications.
- To identify factors influencing annual variations in PEM deaths.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of ward admission registers and docket searches.
- Inclusion of all PEM cases admitted to Bustamante Hospital for Children (BHC), University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) children's wards, and TMRU from 1982-1991.
- Calculation of 10-year mean CFRs and analysis of temporal trends and influencing factors.
Main Results:
- Ten-year mean CFRs: BHC 8.8% (n=1948), UHWI 5.5% (n=658), TMRU 7.1% (n=662).
- BHC showed a peak in PEM admissions around 1985, with a significant CFR fall in the latter half of the decade; other sites showed similar admission trends.
- Annual PEM deaths at BHC were significantly influenced by economic indicators (consumer price index, Jamaican dollar value) and admission numbers.
Conclusions:
- Expert inpatient management appears to play a limited role in reducing deaths from acute PEM.
- Economic factors and admission volume are significant predictors of mortality variations.
- Further research into community-level interventions and socioeconomic determinants of PEM is warranted.
Abstract:
The case fatality ratio (CFR) in acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) achieved in the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit (TMRU) was compared with that of other tertiary care facilities in Kingston. Trends in admission and fatality rates, case severity and complications were also examined. From ward admission registers for Bustamante Hospital for Children (BHC), the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), children's wards and the TMRU all cases of PEM admitted from 1982 through 1991 were enumerated and there was a docket search for random subsamples. Ten-year mean CFR% for BHC was 8.8 (n = 1948); for UHWI wards 5.5 (n = 658); for TMRU 7.1 (n = 662). BHC has the least restrictions on admission and showed most clearly that the peak time in Kingston for admission of PEM was around 1985, falling to a minimum in 1988-1990 and rising again in 1991; however, the other sites also showed similar trends. BHC had a range of CFR% p.a. of 20.0 to 3.0, with a striking fall in the second half of the decade. There was no temporal CFR trend for the UHWI or TMRU. The latter institution had the highest proportion of admissions with marasmic-kwashiorkor and the lowest proportion with recorded infection. The annual variation in numbers of PEM deaths at BHC was best accounted for by (a) percentage change in consumer price index and (b) percentage change in the US$ value of the Jamaican $, in the preceding year, and (c) annual number of admissions, together. Generally, our findings suggest a minor role for expert in-patient management in reducing deaths from PEM.