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Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Apis mellifera

E Martins, M A Mestriner, E P Contel

    Biochemical Genetics
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozyme polymorphism in honeybees (Apis mellifera), with allele frequencies varying between African and Italian subspecies. ADH activity changes during development, peaking in pupal stages.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Insect Genetics and Molecular Biology
    • * Biochemistry and Enzyme Systems

    Background:

    • * Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes play crucial roles in insect metabolism and detoxification.
    • * Understanding ADH polymorphism is vital for population genetics and evolutionary studies in social insects like honeybees.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To characterize the genetic polymorphism of ADH isozymes in honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations.
    • * To investigate the allelic frequencies of ADH in African (Apis mellifera adansonii) and Italian (Apis mellifera ligustica) subspecies.
    • * To examine the developmental expression of ADH activity and the effect of NAD on isozyme resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • * Electrophoretic analysis of ADH isozymes in drone and worker pupae of Apis mellifera.
    • * Allele frequency calculation for identified ADH loci across different subspecies.
    • * Investigation of ADH activity during various developmental stages and the influence of NAD coenzyme.

    Main Results:

    • * A polymorphic ADH system controlled by three alleles (Adh-1(1), Adh-1(2), Adh-1(3)) was identified.
    • * Significant differences in Adh-1 allele frequencies were observed between African and Italian honeybee subspecies.
    • * ADH activity exhibited stage-specific expression, peaking in pupal phases and absent in adults, with NAD affecting isozyme patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • * The Adh-1 locus is highly polymorphic in Apis mellifera, with distinct allelic distributions in different subspecies.
    • * Developmental regulation of ADH activity is evident, suggesting a role in metamorphosis.
    • * The findings provide valuable insights into honeybee population genetics and the biochemical adaptations of this important insect species.

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