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Fever in neurologic diseases

J H Powers¹, W M Scheld

¹Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

|March 1, 1996

Summary

Fever often indicates central nervous system involvement, but few diseases prioritize neurologic symptoms. This review categorizes febrile neurologic disorders to aid clinical diagnosis and differentiation.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Internal Medicine

Background:

The brain regulates body temperature, meaning most fevers involve the central nervous system (CNS).
However, diseases where nervous system symptoms are diagnostically primary are less common.
Understanding the interplay between fever and neurologic conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To categorize diseases presenting with fever and neurologic symptoms.
To provide a framework for clinicians to diagnose and differentiate these complex syndromes.
To highlight the diagnostic importance of neurologic symptomatology in febrile illnesses.

Main Methods:

Categorization of neurologic diseases associated with fever into four broad groups.
Discussion of clinical presentations within each category.
Review of diagnostic approaches for differentiating febrile neurologic syndromes.

Main Results:

Neurologic impairment can result directly from fever.
Fever may be the sole indicator of a CNS infection.
Systemic febrile disorders can manifest with CNS signs and symptoms.
Primary neurologic diseases (central or peripheral) may present with fever.

Conclusions:

Classifying febrile neurologic disorders aids clinical reasoning.
Recognizing these categories improves diagnostic accuracy.
This framework assists in differentiating between various febrile conditions affecting the nervous system.

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