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Response of Egyptian infants with protein calorie malnutrition to hepatitis B vaccination

Y el-Gamal1, R H Aly, E Hossny

  • 1Pediatric Department of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|June 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B vaccination is effective in infants with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM), achieving high seroprotection rates comparable to healthy infants. This finding supports mass vaccination strategies in developing communities to combat hepatitis B virus infection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) can impair immune responses.
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing regions.
  • Effective vaccination strategies are crucial for controlling HBV transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and seroprotection rates of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in infants with PCM.
  • To compare vaccine response in PCM infants with that of healthy, age- and sex-matched infants.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 31 infants with PCM and 13 healthy controls (2-26 months old).
  • Administration of three 10 microgram doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B) at 0, 1, and 6 months.
  • Assessment of seroprotection at 8 months post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • High seroprotection rates were observed in both groups at 8 months.
  • 87% (27/31) of infants with PCM achieved seroprotection.
  • All (13/13) healthy infants achieved seroprotection.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant hepatitis B vaccination is effective in infants with PCM.
  • The vaccine demonstrates good immunogenicity in this vulnerable population.
  • Hepatitis B vaccination can be safely and effectively implemented for mass vaccination programs in developing communities with high rates of PCM.

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