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Related Experiment Videos

Cytokines, phagocytes, and pentoxifylline

G L Mandell1

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Pentoxifylline, an alkylxanthine, inhibits inflammatory damage caused by phagocytes and cytokines. It reduces cytokine production and counteracts their harmful effects, offering potential therapy for conditions like sepsis and arthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) defend against microbes using oxidative mechanisms and granule contents.
  • Inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) enhance phagocyte activity but can also cause host damage.
  • Activated phagocytes can harm the host through their microbicidal and inflammatory actions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of alkylxanthines, specifically pentoxifylline, in mitigating inflammatory damage caused by phagocytes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which pentoxifylline counteracts the detrimental effects of inflammatory cytokines on phagocytic cells.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the biochemical and cellular actions of pentoxifylline on phagocytes and their response to inflammatory stimuli.
  • Analysis of pentoxifylline's effects on cytokine production (e.g., TNF) and the reversal of cytokine-induced changes in phagocytes.

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Main Results:

  • Pentoxifylline significantly reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines by stimulated phagocytes.
  • It reverses key pro-inflammatory effects of cytokines on phagocytes, including adherence, shape change, oxidative burst, and degranulation.
  • Pentoxifylline's actions synergize with adenosine, a natural anti-inflammatory mediator.

Conclusions:

  • Alkylxanthines like pentoxifylline are potent inhibitors of phagocyte-mediated inflammatory damage.
  • Pentoxifylline demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions such as sepsis syndrome, ARDS, AIDS, and arthritis.