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Related Experiment Videos

Trichromatic colour vision in New World monkeys

G H Jacobs1, M Neitz, J F Deegan

  • 1Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.

Nature
|July 11, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Trichromatic color vision, common in Old World primates, is surprisingly variable in New World monkeys due to differences in X-chromosome pigment genes. Howler monkeys (Alouatta) are an exception, exhibiting typical trichromacy with multiple X-chromosome pigment genes.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate genetics
  • Vision science
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Trichromatic color vision relies on three cone photopigments.
  • This is standard for Old World primates, apes, and humans.
  • New World monkeys often display polymorphic color vision due to X-chromosome gene arrangements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of color vision in howler monkeys (Alouatta).
  • To determine if howler monkeys exhibit typical trichromacy or polymorphic color vision.
  • To compare pigment gene arrangements in howler monkeys to other New World primates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of X-chromosome pigment gene arrangements.
  • Genetic sequencing to identify photopigment genes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis with Old World and other New World primate visual systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Howler monkeys (Alouatta) possess multiple X-chromosome pigment genes.
    • This genetic arrangement supports the norm of trichromatic color vision in this genus.
    • Contrasts with the typical single X-chromosome pigment gene found in many New World monkeys.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple X-chromosome pigment genes and trichromatic color vision are standard in howler monkeys.
    • This finding distinguishes howler monkeys from other New World primates with polymorphic color vision.
    • The study highlights diverse evolutionary paths for primate color vision.