Anaphylaxis. How to recognize, treat and prevent potentially fatal attacks

Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition. Causes range from bee stings to drugs, foods, and exercise. Onset is usually sudden, and a delayed reaction may occur hours after the initial reaction. Treatment consists of airway maintenance and support of the blood pressure with fluid expanders, epinephrine, and oxygen. Additional agents, such as corticosteroids, antihistamines, vasopressors, glucagon, atropine sulfate, and isoproterenol hydrochloride, can be useful. Prevention is the most important part of anaphylaxis management. In patients with known allergies, self-administration of epinephrine plays a key role in reducing mortality.