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Reflective processes and anxiety

S P Spitzer

    The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Self-conscious individuals experience anxiety, particularly in areas lacking self-reference. Reflection creates anxiety system-wide but reduces it locally, demonstrating a dual role in managing psychological distress.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Philosophy

    Background:

    • Explores Laing's theories on self-consciousness, anxiety, and self-evaluation.
    • Examines the complex interplay between internal states and self-perception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between self-consciousness and anxiety.
    • To test hypotheses derived from R.D. Laing's philosophical writings.
    • To understand the role of self-reference in psychological experience.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an open-ended instrument asking participants "Who am I?" to elicit twenty self-descriptive statements.
    • Analyzed statements for the presence or absence of explicit self-reference.
    • Correlated self-referential statements with anxiety levels.

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    Main Results:

    • Found that anxiety is a key indicator of self-consciousness.
    • Observed that anxiety is predominantly present in statements lacking self-reference.
    • Data suggests a paradoxical effect of reflection on anxiety.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-consciousness is strongly linked to anxiety, especially when self-reflection is absent.
    • Drawing on Kierkegaard, reflection generates anxiety broadly but alleviates it specifically.
    • Reflection serves a dual function: creating and reducing anxiety simultaneously within a system.