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Riboflavin can decrease the nephrotoxic effect of chromate in young and adult rats

D Appenroth1, O Schulz, K Winnefeld

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.

Toxicology Letters
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) can worsen chromium (Cr) induced kidney damage in young rats. However, administering vitamin B2 after chromium exposure significantly reduces this nephrotoxicity, likely due to its antioxidant properties.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • Chromium (Cr) compounds are known nephrotoxins.
  • Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) plays a crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis.
  • The interaction between chromium and vitamin B2 regarding nephrotoxicity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of vitamin B2 on chromium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats of different ages.
  • To explore the potential protective mechanisms of vitamin B2 against chromium nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Rats of two age groups (55-day-old and 10-day-old) were administered sodium dichromate (Cr) with or without vitamin B2 (B2).
  • Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring urinary volume, protein excretion, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

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  • The timing of B2 administration (concomitant vs. delayed) was varied.

    • Main Results:

    • Concomitant administration of Cr and B2 exacerbated nephrotoxicity in 55-day-old rats, indicated by increased proteinuria and BUN.
    • Delayed administration of B2 (3 hours post-Cr) significantly reduced Cr-induced nephrotoxicity in both age groups.
    • The protective effect of B2 was attributed to its antioxidant activity rather than its role in GSSG reductase, which was inhibited by Cr.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin B2 exhibits a dual effect on chromium nephrotoxicity, potentially worsening it when given concurrently but offering protection when administered subsequently.
    • The antioxidant properties of vitamin B2 are key to mitigating chromium-induced kidney damage.
    • Age influences the interaction between chromium and vitamin B2 toxicity.