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Modulation of virulence factor expression by pathogen target cell contact

J Pettersson1, R Nordfelth, E Dubinina

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Umeâ, S-901 87 Umeâ, Sweden.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 30, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Pathogenic bacteria like Yersinia pseudotuberculosis use type III secretion systems to regulate virulence factor expression upon host cell contact. This mechanism coordinates Yop protein secretion with gene transcription.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a pathogen that utilizes virulence factors to infect host cells.
  • The expression of virulence genes (yop) is tightly regulated during infection.
  • Type III secretion systems are crucial for the delivery of effector proteins into host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the type III secretion system in regulating Yop expression upon contact with eukaryotic cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Yersinia pseudotuberculosis coordinates virulence gene transcription and protein secretion.

Main Methods:

  • In situ monitoring of light emission from bacteria expressing luciferase under the control of the yopE promoter.
  • Quantification of LcrQ export via the Yop-type III secretion system.

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Main Results:

  • Contact with eukaryotic cells increased the transcription rate of Yop virulence genes.
  • The Yop-type III secretion system mediated the export of LcrQ, a negative regulator of Yop expression.
  • Reduced intracellular LcrQ levels led to increased Yop expression.

Conclusions:

  • The type III secretion system plays a key role in coordinating virulence factor expression and secretion in pathogenic bacteria.
  • Physical contact with target cells triggers a regulatory cascade involving LcrQ export and subsequent Yop expression.
  • This mechanism allows for efficient delivery of virulence factors during infection.