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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Heparin is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the United States with more than 1 trillion units being used each year. However, some patients who receive heparin may have development of a rare but severe complication called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. This syndrome is a clinical event in which the use of heparin results in thrombocytopenia, venous or arterial thrombosis, and, less commonly, bleeding. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is not clearly understood, but an immune-mediated response to heparin resulting in platelet consumption is the most widely accepted theory. The main treatment is discontinuation of heparin therapy; however, alternative treatments are discussed. The critical role nurses play in the early detection and prevention of the complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is addressed. Assessment of all patients receiving any form of heparin therapy is emphasized.
Heparin is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the United States with more than 1 trillion units being used each year. However, some patients who receive heparin may have development of a rare but severe complication called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. This syndrome is a clinical event in which the use of heparin results in thrombocytopenia, venous or arterial thrombosis, and, less commonly, bleeding. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is not clearly understood, but an immune-mediated response to heparin resulting in platelet consumption is the most widely accepted theory. The main treatment is discontinuation of heparin therapy; however, alternative treatments are discussed. The critical role nurses play in the early detection and prevention of the complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is addressed. Assessment of all patients receiving any form of heparin therapy is emphasized.