Renal effects on serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

Fasting and meal-stimulated serum immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentrations were measured in normal subjects and in uremic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Mean fasting GIP was higher in the uremic patients (1006 +/- 145 (SE) pg/ml) than in the normal control subjects (132 +/- 31 pg/ml, p less than 0.001). Also, postcibal absolute and incremental serum GIP concentrations between 15 and 180 min were greater (p less than 0.05) in the uremic patients than in the control subjects; in the former they failed to return to fasting levels 180 min after the meal. In a second study, using anesthetized normal dogs, simultaneous renal arterial and venous serum GIP concentrations were measured during an intraduodenal perfusion of glucose. The renal arterial-venous (A-V) GIP gradient became greater as serum arterial GIP concentrations increased. The correlation between renal A-V GIP gradient and renal arterial GIP concentration was quite good (r = 0.85), with a 39% maximum mean A-V reduction in serum GIP concentrations observed across the kidney. This large renal A-V GIP gradient observed under nonsteady conditions suggests that the kidney may be an important site for the removal of GIP from the circulation. Thus, the higher than normal fasting and stimulated serum GIP concentrations observed in uremic patients can be attributed, at least in part, to a loss of the renal extraction mechanism for GIP.