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Related Experiment Videos

Loneliness: an interdisciplinary approach

B Mijuskovic

    Psychiatry
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human beings are primarily motivated by a deep-seated need to alleviate loneliness after basic needs are met. This drive influences social behavior and self-perception, shaping our interactions and internal world.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Philosophy of Human Nature
    • Social Psychology

    Background:

    • Historical and philosophical perspectives on human motivation are diverse, including happiness (Aristotle), self-interest (Hobbes), pleasure/pain (Bentham), repressed libido (Freud), and will to power (Adler).
    • Carl Jung's dichotomy of extroversion and introversion is noted as a previous framework for understanding human behavior.
    • The study critiques existing theories by proposing a singular, underlying principle of motivation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify a universal principle that explains human motivation and behavior.
    • To explore the psychological drive that underlies why individuals act and exist as they do.
    • To propose an alternative to existing psychological and philosophical models of human nature.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis and synthesis of existing psychological and philosophical theories on human motivation.
    • Theoretical argumentation to establish a novel principle of human conduct.
    • Critique and reinterpretation of established psychological typologies, such as Jung's extrovert/introvert distinction.

    Main Results:

    • The primary proposed universal motivator for humans, after physiological and biological needs are satisfied, is the alleviation of profound loneliness.
    • This principle of loneliness offers an alternative explanation for social behaviors and individual differences previously categorized by other theories.
    • Failure to achieve desired human communion and affection leads to social withdrawal or maladaptive self-cultivation.

    Conclusions:

    • Loneliness serves as a fundamental psychological drive, influencing human actions and the pursuit of connection.
    • The theory posits that the aspiration for communion, affection, and friendship is universal, with failures leading to varied psychological outcomes.
    • This perspective reframes our understanding of human nature beyond simple dichotomies, emphasizing the core need for social belonging.

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