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Masticatory function and post-Pleistocene evolution in Nubia

D S Carlson, D P Van Gerven

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

|May 1, 1977

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Nubian craniofacial morphology evolved over 10,000 years, with changes linked to diet shifts from hunting-gathering to agriculture. Reduced chewing demands, as per the masticatory-functional hypothesis, explain these craniofacial variations.

Area of Science:

Paleoanthropology
Bioarchaeology
Human Evolution

Background:

Investigates craniofacial variation in Nubia over 10,000 years.
Examines populations transitioning from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies (A-C Group, Meroitic/X-Group/Christian).

Observation:

Compares Mesolithic Nubian samples with later populations.
Evaluates the masticatory-functional hypothesis for craniofacial changes.

Findings:

Results support the Mesolithic population as ancestral to later Nubian groups.
The masticatory-functional hypothesis effectively explains craniofacial changes since 12,000 B.P.
Reduced masticatory functional demands led to a less robust, more inferoposteriorly located face.

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Implications:

Craniofacial alterations, including a more globular cranial vault and reduced dental size, are compensatory responses to changing facial structure.
This research provides insights into human adaptation and evolutionary processes in Northeast Africa.