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Isokinetic and isometric torque force relationships

L R Osternig, B T Bates, S T James

    Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
    |June 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Maximal isometric strength cannot predict isokinetic strength capabilities. This study found weak correlations between elbow extensor torque measurements at various speeds and angles, suggesting distinct physiological determinants for each strength type.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Physiology
    • Sports Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the relationship between different types of muscle strength measurements is crucial for accurate performance assessment.
    • Isokinetic and isometric strength testing are common methods used in sports science and rehabilitation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between maximal isokinetic torque and maximal isometric forces in elbow extensor muscles.
    • To determine if isokinetic strength measures can predict isometric strength capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty-eight men performed isokinetic dynamometry tests at velocities from 5 to 25 rpm.
    • Maximal isometric forces were measured at specific elbow extension angles (10 to 90 degrees).
    • Product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships between isokinetic and isometric measures.

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    Main Results:

    • Of 81 calculated correlations, only 13 were statistically significant.
    • Significant correlations tended to occur at slower isokinetic speeds and greater angles of elbow flexion.
    • The highest correlation explained less than 24% of the common variability between isokinetic and isometric strength.

    Conclusions:

    • Measures of isokinetic strength are not reliable predictors of isometric strength capabilities.
    • Muscle strength characteristics may differ significantly depending on the mode of contraction (isokinetic vs. isometric) and joint angle.
    • Further research may explore the physiological factors influencing these distinct strength profiles.